feat: add GPU instancing e2e tests and complete matrix uniform support

- Add e2e cases for gpu-instancing-auto-batch and gpu-instancing-custom-data
- Add all missing matrix uniform types (mat2, mat3, mat2x3, mat2x4,
  mat3x2, mat3x4, mat4x2, mat4x3) to ShaderUniform and ShaderProgram
- Skip UBO members (location === null) in uniform reflection
- Restore throw for truly unsupported uniform types in default branch

e2e/case/gpu-instancing-auto-batch.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+/**
+ * @title GPU Instancing Auto Batch
+ * @category Mesh
+ */
+import {
+  AmbientLight,
+  AssetType,
+  Camera,
+  Color,
+  DirectLight,
+  GLTFResource,
+  Logger,
+  Vector3,
+  WebGLEngine
+} from "@galacean/engine";
+import { initScreenshot, updateForE2E } from "./.mockForE2E";
+
+Logger.enable();
+WebGLEngine.create({ canvas: "canvas" }).then(async (engine) => {
+  engine.canvas.resizeByClientSize(2);
+
+  const scene = engine.sceneManager.activeScene;
+  const rootEntity = scene.createRootEntity("Root");
+
+  // Camera
+  const cameraEntity = rootEntity.createChild("Camera");
+  cameraEntity.transform.setPosition(0, 10, 80);
+  cameraEntity.transform.lookAt(new Vector3(0, 0, 0));
+  const camera = cameraEntity.addComponent(Camera);
+  camera.farClipPlane = 300;
+
+  // Light
+  const lightEntity = rootEntity.createChild("Light");
+  lightEntity.transform.setRotation(-45, -45, 0);
+  lightEntity.addComponent(DirectLight).color = new Color(1, 1, 1, 1);
+
+  // Load Duck model and ambient light
+  const [glTF, ambientLight] = await Promise.all([
+    engine.resourceManager.load<GLTFResource>({
+      url: "https://gw.alipayobjects.com/os/bmw-prod/6cb8f543-285c-491a-8cfd-57a1160dc9ab.glb",
+      type: AssetType.GLTF
+    }),
+    engine.resourceManager.load<AmbientLight>({
+      url: "https://mdn.alipayobjects.com/oasis_be/afts/file/A*eRJ8QKzf5zAAAAAAgBAAAAgAekp5AQ/ambient.ambLight",
+      type: AssetType.AmbientLight
+    })
+  ]);
+  scene.ambientLight = ambientLight;
+
+  // Clone ducks with fixed seed positions for deterministic output
+  const count = 500;
+  const spread = 50;
+  for (let i = 0; i < count; i++) {
+    const duck = glTF.instantiateSceneRoot();
+    // Use deterministic positions based on index
+    const t = i / count;
+    duck.transform.setPosition(
+      Math.sin(t * 137.5) * spread * 0.5,
+      Math.cos(t * 97.3) * spread * 0.5,
+      Math.sin(t * 59.1) * spread * 0.5
+    );
+    duck.transform.setRotation(t * 360, t * 720, t * 1080);
+    rootEntity.addChild(duck);
+  }
+
+  updateForE2E(engine);
+  initScreenshot(engine, camera);
+});

e2e/case/gpu-instancing-custom-data.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,100 @@
+/**
+ * @title GPU Instancing Custom Data
+ * @category Mesh
+ */
+import {
+  Camera,
+  Color,
+  DirectLight,
+  Logger,
+  Material,
+  MeshRenderer,
+  PrimitiveMesh,
+  Shader,
+  ShaderProperty,
+  Vector3,
+  Vector4,
+  WebGLEngine
+} from "@galacean/engine";
+import { initScreenshot, updateForE2E } from "./.mockForE2E";
+
+Logger.enable();
+
+// Custom shader: uses renderer_CustomColor (per-instance) for fragment output
+Shader.create(
+  "CustomInstanceShader",
+  `
+  #include <transform_declare>
+  attribute vec3 POSITION;
+  attribute vec3 NORMAL;
+
+  varying vec3 v_normal;
+
+  void main() {
+    gl_Position = renderer_MVPMat * vec4(POSITION, 1.0);
+    v_normal = normalize((renderer_NormalMat * vec4(NORMAL, 0.0)).xyz);
+  }
+  `,
+  `
+  uniform vec4 renderer_CustomColor;
+
+  varying vec3 v_normal;
+
+  void main() {
+    vec3 lightDir = normalize(vec3(1.0, 1.0, 1.0));
+    float NdotL = max(dot(v_normal, lightDir), 0.2);
+    gl_FragColor = vec4(renderer_CustomColor.rgb * NdotL, 1.0);
+  }
+  `
+);
+
+WebGLEngine.create({ canvas: "canvas" }).then((engine) => {
+  engine.canvas.resizeByClientSize(2);
+
+  const scene = engine.sceneManager.activeScene;
+  const rootEntity = scene.createRootEntity("Root");
+
+  // Camera
+  const cameraEntity = rootEntity.createChild("Camera");
+  cameraEntity.transform.setPosition(0, 10, 80);
+  cameraEntity.transform.lookAt(new Vector3(0, 0, 0));
+  const camera = cameraEntity.addComponent(Camera);
+  camera.farClipPlane = 300;
+
+  // Light
+  const lightEntity = rootEntity.createChild("Light");
+  lightEntity.transform.setRotation(-45, -45, 0);
+  lightEntity.addComponent(DirectLight).color = new Color(1, 1, 1, 1);
+
+  // Shared mesh and material
+  const mesh = PrimitiveMesh.createCuboid(engine, 1, 1, 1);
+  const material = new Material(engine, Shader.find("CustomInstanceShader"));
+  const customColorProperty = ShaderProperty.getByName("renderer_CustomColor");
+
+  // Create cubes with deterministic positions and colors
+  const count = 500;
+  const spread = 50;
+  for (let i = 0; i < count; i++) {
+    const entity = rootEntity.createChild("Cube" + i);
+    const t = i / count;
+    entity.transform.setPosition(
+      Math.sin(t * 137.5) * spread * 0.5,
+      Math.cos(t * 97.3) * spread * 0.5,
+      Math.sin(t * 59.1) * spread * 0.5
+    );
+    entity.transform.setRotation(t * 360, t * 720, t * 1080);
+
+    const renderer = entity.addComponent(MeshRenderer);
+    renderer.mesh = mesh;
+    renderer.setMaterial(material);
+
+    // Deterministic colors based on index
+    renderer.shaderData.setVector4(
+      customColorProperty,
+      new Vector4(Math.sin(t * 6.28) * 0.5 + 0.5, Math.cos(t * 4.71) * 0.5 + 0.5, Math.sin(t * 3.14) * 0.5 + 0.5, 1.0)
+    );
+  }
+
+  updateForE2E(engine);
+  initScreenshot(engine, camera);
+});

e2e/config.ts

@@ -135,7 +135,7 @@ export const E2E_CONFIG = {
       category: "Material",
       caseFileName: "material-pbr",
       threshold: 0,
-      diffPercentage: 0.0080
+      diffPercentage: 0.008
     },
     shaderLab: {
       category: "Material",
@@ -464,6 +464,20 @@ export const E2E_CONFIG = {
       diffPercentage: 0.03
     }
   },
+  GPUInstancing: {
+    autoBatch: {
+      category: "GPUInstancing",
+      caseFileName: "gpu-instancing-auto-batch",
+      threshold: 0,
+      diffPercentage: 0
+    },
+    customData: {
+      category: "GPUInstancing",
+      caseFileName: "gpu-instancing-custom-data",
+      threshold: 0,
+      diffPercentage: 0
+    }
+  },
   SpriteMask: {
     CustomStencil: {
       category: "SpriteMask",

e2e/fixtures/originImage/GPUInstancing_gpu-instancing-auto-batch.jpg

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1
+oid sha256:f5424ba406ffe08f68ecfb28174027deb171efff7d55d8ca1be63caaea3bf898
+size 590077

e2e/fixtures/originImage/GPUInstancing_gpu-instancing-custom-data.jpg

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1
+oid sha256:baece2c4437803e1474699eb4e99214b38caa05393f747fe0f7e47bd6469a693
+size 427005