---
id: upsert
title: 'Upsert data: upsert()'
slug: upsert
custom_edit_url: https://github.com/supabase/supabase/edit/master/spec/supabase_js_v1_legacy.yml
---

import Tabs from '@theme/Tabs'
import TabItem from '@theme/TabItem'

Performs an UPSERT into the table.

```js
const { data, error } = await supabase
  .from('messages')
  .upsert({ id: 3, message: 'foo', username: 'supabot' })
```

## Parameters

<ul className="method-list-group">
  
<li className="method-list-item">
  <h4 className="method-list-item-label">
    <span className="method-list-item-label-name">
      values
    </span>
    <span className="method-list-item-label-badge required">
      required
    </span>
    <span className="method-list-item-validation">
      <code>Partial</code> | <code>array</code>
    </span>
  </h4>
  <div class="method-list-item-description">

The values to insert.

  </div>
  
</li>

<li className="method-list-item">
  <h4 className="method-list-item-label">
    <span className="method-list-item-label-name">
      __namedParameters
    </span>
    <span className="method-list-item-label-badge required">
      required
    </span>
    <span className="method-list-item-validation">
      <code>object</code>
    </span>
  </h4>
  <div class="method-list-item-description">

No description provided.

  </div>
  
<ul className="method-list-group">
  <h5 class="method-list-title method-list-title-isChild expanded">Properties</h5>

<li className="method-list-item">
  <h4 className="method-list-item-label">
    <span className="method-list-item-label-name">
      returning
    </span>
    <span className="method-list-item-label-badge required">
      required
    </span>
    <span className="method-list-item-validation">
      <code>minimal</code> | <code>representation</code>
    </span>
  </h4>
  <div class="method-list-item-description">

By default the new record is returned. Set this to 'minimal' if you don't need this value.

  </div>
  
</li>

<li className="method-list-item">
  <h4 className="method-list-item-label">
    <span className="method-list-item-label-name">
      onConflict
    </span>
    <span className="method-list-item-label-badge required">
      required
    </span>
    <span className="method-list-item-validation">
      <code>undefined</code> | <code>string</code>
    </span>
  </h4>
  <div class="method-list-item-description">

By specifying the `on_conflict` query parameter, you can make UPSERT work on a column(s) that has a UNIQUE constraint.

  </div>
  
</li>

<li className="method-list-item">
  <h4 className="method-list-item-label">
    <span className="method-list-item-label-name">
      ignoreDuplicates
    </span>
    <span className="method-list-item-label-badge required">
      required
    </span>
    <span className="method-list-item-validation">
      <code>boolean</code>
    </span>
  </h4>
  <div class="method-list-item-description">

Specifies if duplicate rows should be ignored and not inserted.

  </div>
  
</li>

<li className="method-list-item">
  <h4 className="method-list-item-label">
    <span className="method-list-item-label-name">
      count
    </span>
    <span className="method-list-item-label-badge required">
      required
    </span>
    <span className="method-list-item-validation">
      <code>null</code> | <code>exact</code> | <code>planned</code> | <code>estimated</code>
    </span>
  </h4>
  <div class="method-list-item-description">

Count algorithm to use to count rows in a table.

  </div>
  
</li>

</ul>

</li>

</ul>

## Notes

- Primary keys should be included in the data payload in order for an update to work correctly.
- Primary keys must be natural, not surrogate. There are however, [workarounds](https://github.com/PostgREST/postgrest/issues/1118) for surrogate primary keys.

## Examples

### Upsert your data

```js
const { data, error } = await supabase
  .from('messages')
  .upsert({ id: 3, message: 'foo', username: 'supabot' })
```

### Bulk Upsert your data

```js
const { data, error } = await supabase.from('messages').upsert([
  { id: 3, message: 'foo', username: 'supabot' },
  { id: 4, message: 'bar', username: 'supabot' },
])
```

### Upserting into tables with constraints

Running the following will cause supabase to upsert data into the `users` table.
If the username 'supabot' already exists, the `onConflict` argument tells supabase to overwrite that row
based on the column passed into `onConflict`.

```js
const { data, error } = await supabase
  .from('users')
  .upsert({ username: 'supabot' }, { onConflict: 'username' })
```

### Return the exact number of rows

```js
const { data, error, count } = await supabase.from('users').upsert(
  {
    id: 3,
    message: 'foo',
    username: 'supabot',
  },
  {
    count: 'exact',
  }
)
```