---
id: 'logs'
title: 'Logging'
description: 'Getting started with Supabase Log Browser'
---

The Supabase Platform includes a Logs Explorer that allows log tracing and debugging. Log retention is based on your [project's pricing plan](/pricing). For details on how Logs usage is billed, see [Manage Logs usage](/docs/guides/platform/manage-your-usage/logs).

## Product logs

Supabase provides a logging interface specific to each product. You can use simple regular expressions for keywords and patterns to search log event messages. You can also export and download the log events matching your query as a spreadsheet.

{/* <!-- To update screenshots, ensure that at least one log line is selected to display the metadata. Can use meme.town as an example. --> */}

<Tabs
  scrollable
  size="small"
  type="underlined"
  defaultActiveId="api"
  queryGroup="product"
>
<TabPanel id="api" label="API">

[API logs](/dashboard/project/_/logs/edge-logs) show all network requests and response for the REST and GraphQL [APIs](../../guides/database/api). If [Read Replicas](/docs/guides/platform/read-replicas) are enabled, logs are automatically filtered between databases as well as the [API Load Balancer](/docs/guides/platform/read-replicas#api-load-balancer) endpoint. Logs for a specific endpoint can be toggled with the `Source` button on the upper-right section of the dashboard.

When viewing logs originating from the API Load Balancer endpoint, the upstream database or the one that eventually handles the request can be found under the `Redirect Identifier` field. This is equivalent to `metadata.load_balancer_redirect_identifier` when querying the underlying logs.

![API Logs](/docs/img/guides/platform/logs/logs-api.png)

</TabPanel>
<TabPanel id="postgres" label="Postgres">

[Postgres logs](/dashboard/project/_/logs/postgres-logs) show queries and activity for your [database](../../guides/database). If [Read Replicas](/docs/guides/platform/read-replicas) are enabled, logs are automatically filtered between databases. Logs for a specific database can be toggled with the `Source` button on the upper-right section of the dashboard.

![Postgres Logs](/docs/img/guides/platform/logs/logs-database.png)

</TabPanel>
<TabPanel id="auth" label="Auth">

[Auth logs](/dashboard/project/_/logs/auth-logs) show all server logs for your [Auth usage](../../guides/auth).

![Auth Logs](/docs/img/guides/platform/logs/logs-auth.png)

</TabPanel>
<TabPanel id="storage" label="Storage">

[Storage logs](/dashboard/project/_/logs/storage-logs) shows all server logs for your [Storage API](../../guides/storage).

![Storage Logs](/docs/img/guides/platform/logs/logs-storage.png)

</TabPanel>
<TabPanel id="realtime" label="Realtime">

[Realtime logs](/dashboard/project/_/logs/realtime-logs) show all server logs for your [Realtime API usage](../../guides/realtime).

<Admonition type="note">

Realtime connections are not logged by default. Turn on [Realtime connection logs per client](#logging-realtime-connections) with the `log_level` parameter.

</Admonition>

![Realtime Logs](/docs/img/guides/platform/logs/logs-realtime.png)

</TabPanel>
<TabPanel id="functions" label="Edge Functions">

For each [Edge Function](/dashboard/project/_/functions), logs are available under the following tabs:

**Invocations**

The Invocations tab displays the edge logs of function calls.

![Function Edge Logs](/docs/img/guides/platform/logs/logs-functions-edge.png)

**Logs**

The Logs tab displays logs emitted during function execution.

![Function Logs](/docs/img/guides/platform/logs/logs-functions.png)

**Log Message Length**

Edge Function log messages have a max length of 10,000 characters. If you try to log a message longer than that it will be truncated.

</TabPanel>
</Tabs>

---

## Working with API logs

[API logs](/dashboard/project/_/logs/edge-logs) run through the Cloudflare edge servers and will have attached Cloudflare metadata under the `metadata.request.cf.*` fields.

### Allowed headers

A strict list of request and response headers are permitted in the API logs. Request and response headers will still be received by the server(s) and client(s), but will not be attached to the API logs generated.

Request headers:

- `accept`
- `cf-connecting-ip`
- `cf-ipcountry`
- `host`
- `user-agent`
- `x-forwarded-proto`
- `referer`
- `content-length`
- `x-real-ip`
- `x-client-info`
- `x-forwarded-user-agent`
- `range`
- `prefer`

Response headers:

- `cf-cache-status`
- `cf-ray`
- `content-location`
- `content-range`
- `content-type`
- `content-length`
- `date`
- `transfer-encoding`
- `x-kong-proxy-latency`
- `x-kong-upstream-latency`
- `sb-gateway-mode`
- `sb-gateway-version`

### Additional request metadata

To attach additional metadata to a request, it is recommended to use the `User-Agent` header for purposes such as device or version identification.

For example:

```
node MyApp/1.2.3 (device-id:abc123)
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64; rv:47.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/47.0 MyApp/1.2.3 (Foo v1.3.2; Bar v2.2.2)
```

<Admonition type="note">

Do not log Personal Identifiable Information (PII) within the `User-Agent` header, to avoid infringing data protection privacy laws. Overly fine-grained and detailed user agents may allow fingerprinting and identification of the end user through PII.

</Admonition>

## Logging Postgres queries

To enable query logs for other categories of statements:

1. [Enable the pgAudit extension](/dashboard/project/_/database/extensions).
2. Configure `pgaudit.log` (see below). Perform a fast reboot if needed.
3. View your query logs under [Logs > Postgres Logs](/dashboard/project/_/logs/postgres-logs).

### Configuring `pgaudit.log`

The stored value under `pgaudit.log` determines the classes of statements that are logged by [pgAudit extension](https://www.pgaudit.org/). Refer to the pgAudit documentation for the [full list of values](https://github.com/pgaudit/pgaudit/blob/master/README.md#pgauditlog).

To enable logging for function calls/do blocks, writes, and DDL statements for a single session, execute the following within the session:

```sql
-- temporary single-session config update
set pgaudit.log = 'function, write, ddl';
```

To _permanently_ set a logging configuration (beyond a single session), execute the following, then perform a fast reboot:

```sql
-- equivalent permanent config update.
alter role postgres set pgaudit.log to 'function, write, ddl';
```

To help with debugging, we recommend adjusting the log scope to only relevant statements as having too wide of a scope would result in a lot of noise in your Postgres logs.

Note that in the above example, the role is set to `postgres`. To log user-traffic flowing through the [HTTP APIs](../../guides/database/api#rest-api-overview) powered by PostgREST, set your configuration values for the `authenticator`.

```sql
-- for API-related logs
alter role authenticator set pgaudit.log to 'write';
```

By default, the log level will be set to `log`. To view other levels, run the following:

```sql
-- adjust log level
alter role postgres set pgaudit.log_level to 'info';
alter role postgres set pgaudit.log_level to 'debug5';
```

Note that as per the pgAudit [log_level documentation](https://github.com/pgaudit/pgaudit/blob/master/README.md#pgauditlog_level), `error`, `fatal`, and `panic` are not allowed.

To reset system-wide settings, execute the following, then perform a fast reboot:

```sql
-- resets stored config.
alter role postgres reset pgaudit.log
```

<Admonition type="note">

If any permission errors are encountered when executing `alter role postgres ...`, it is likely that your project has yet to receive the patch to the latest version of [supautils](https://github.com/supabase/supautils), which is currently being rolled out.

</Admonition>

### `RAISE`d log messages in Postgres

Messages that are manually logged via `RAISE INFO`, `RAISE NOTICE`, `RAISE WARNING`, and `RAISE LOG` are shown in Postgres Logs. Note that only messages at or above your logging level are shown. Syncing of messages to Postgres Logs may take a few minutes.

If your logs aren't showing, check your logging level by running:

```sql
show log_min_messages;
```

Note that `LOG` is a higher level than `WARNING` and `ERROR`, so if your level is set to `LOG`, you will not see `WARNING` and `ERROR` messages.

### Limits and caveats

- Postgres log events on the Supabase Platform are limited to 100,000 characters. If a log event exceeds this limit, it will be truncated. This does not apply to self-hosting.
- Internal connection logs to Postgres within the Supabase Platform by internal services are not logged. This does not apply to self-hosting.

## Logging realtime connections

Realtime doesn't log new WebSocket connections or Channel joins by default. Enable connection logging per client by including an `info` `log_level` parameter when instantiating the Supabase client.

```javascript
import { createClient } from '@supabase/supabase-js'

const options = {
  realtime: {
    params: {
      log_level: 'info',
    },
  },
}
const supabase = createClient('https://xyzcompany.supabase.co', 'sb_publishable_...', options)
```

## Logs Explorer

The [Logs Explorer](/dashboard/project/_/logs-explorer) exposes logs from each part of the Supabase stack as a separate table that can be queried and joined using SQL.

![Logs Explorer](/docs/img/guides/platform/logs/logs-explorer.png)

You can access the following logs from the **Sources** drop-down:

- `auth_logs`: GoTrue server logs, containing authentication/authorization activity.
- `edge_logs`: Edge network logs, containing request and response metadata retrieved from Cloudflare.
- `function_edge_logs`: Edge network logs for only edge functions, containing network requests and response metadata for each execution.
- `function_logs`: Function internal logs, containing any `console` logging from within the edge function.
- `postgres_logs`: Postgres database logs, containing statements executed by connected applications.
- `realtime_logs`: Realtime server logs, containing client connection information.
- `storage_logs`: Storage server logs, containing object upload and retrieval information.

## Querying with the Logs Explorer

The Logs Explorer uses BigQuery and supports all [available SQL functions and operators](https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/functions-and-operators).

### Timestamp display and behavior

Each log entry is stored with a `timestamp` as a `TIMESTAMP` data type. Use the appropriate [timestamp function](https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/timestamp_functions#timestamp) to utilize the `timestamp` field in a query.

Raw top-level timestamp values are rendered as unix microsecond. To render the timestamps in a human-readable format, use the `DATETIME()` function to convert the unix timestamp display into an ISO-8601 timestamp.

```sql
-- timestamp column without datetime()
select timestamp from ....
--  1664270180000

-- timestamp column with datetime()
select datetime(timestamp) from ....
-- 2022-09-27T09:17:10.439Z
```

### Unnesting arrays

Each log event stores metadata an array of objects with multiple levels, and can be seen by selecting single log events in the Logs Explorer. To query arrays, use `unnest()` on each array field and add it to the query as a join. This allows you to reference the nested objects with an alias and select their individual fields.

For example, to query the edge logs without any joins:

```sql
select timestamp, metadata from edge_logs as t;
```

The resulting `metadata` key is rendered as an array of objects in the Logs Explorer. In the following diagram, each box represents a nested array of objects:

{/* <!-- Scene is here https://app.excalidraw.com/s/8gj16loJfGZ/3HzccK9MyLx --> */}

![Without Unnesting](/docs/img/unnesting-none.png)

Perform a `cross join unnest()` to work with the keys nested in the `metadata` key.

To query for a nested value, add a join for each array level:

```sql
select timestamp, request.method, header.cf_ipcountry
from
  edge_logs as t
  cross join unnest(t.metadata) as metadata
  cross join unnest(metadata.request) as request
  cross join unnest(request.headers) as header;
```

This surfaces the following columns available for selection:
![With Two Level Unnesting](/docs/img/unnesting-2.png)

This allows you to select the `method` and `cf_ipcountry` columns. In JS dot notation, the full paths for each selected column are:

- `metadata[].request[].method`
- `metadata[].request[].headers[].cf_ipcountry`

### LIMIT and result row limitations

The Logs Explorer has a maximum of 1000 rows per run. Use `LIMIT` to optimize your queries by reducing the number of rows returned further.

### Best practices

1. Include a filter over **timestamp**

Querying your entire log history might seem appealing. For **Enterprise** customers that have a large retention range, you run the risk of timeouts due additional time required to scan the larger dataset.

2. Avoid selecting large nested objects. Select individual values instead.

When querying large objects, the columnar storage engine selects each column associated with each nested key, resulting in a large number of columns being selected. This inadvertently impacts the query speed and may result in timeouts or memory errors, especially for projects with a lot of logs.

Instead, select only the values required.

```sql
-- ❌ Avoid doing this
select
  datetime(timestamp),
  m as metadata -- <- metadata contains many nested keys
from
  edge_logs as t
  cross join unnest(t.metadata) as m;

-- ✅ Do this
select
  datetime(timestamp),
  r.method -- <- select only the required values
from
  edge_logs as t
  cross join unnest(t.metadata) as m
  cross join unnest(m.request) as r;
```

### Examples and templates

The Logs Explorer includes **Templates** (available in the Templates tab or the dropdown in the Query tab) to help you get started.

For example, you can enter the following query in the SQL Editor to retrieve each user's IP address:

```sql
select datetime(timestamp), h.x_real_ip
from
  edge_logs
  cross join unnest(metadata) as m
  cross join unnest(m.request) as r
  cross join unnest(r.headers) as h
where h.x_real_ip is not null and r.method = "GET";
```

### Logs field reference

Refer to the full field reference for each available source below. Do note that in order to access each nested key, you would need to perform the [necessary unnesting joins](#unnesting-arrays)

<SharedData data="logConstants">
  {(logConstants) => (
    <Tabs scrollable size="small" type="underlined" defaultActiveId="edge_logs" queryGroup="source">
      {logConstants.schemas.map((schema) => (
        <TabPanel id={schema.reference} key={schema.reference} label={schema.name}>
          <table>
            <thead>
              <tr>
                <th className="font-bold">Path</th>
                <th className="font-bold">Type</th>
              </tr>
            </thead>
            <tbody>
              {schema.fields
                .sort((a, b) => a.path - b.path)
                .map((field) => (
                  <tr>
                    <td className="font-mono">{field.path}</td>
                    <td className="font-mono">{field.type}</td>
                  </tr>
                ))}
            </tbody>
          </table>
        </TabPanel>
      ))}
    </Tabs>
  )}
</SharedData>
