diff --git a/.github/workflows/pull_request_5x.yml b/.github/workflows/pull_request_5x.yml
index c2233f249..5e204668a 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/pull_request_5x.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/pull_request_5x.yml
@@ -8,9 +8,10 @@ jobs:
   build:
 
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v1
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      with:
+        fetch-depth: 0
     - name: Set up JDK 17
       uses: actions/setup-java@v1
       with:
@@ -20,5 +21,5 @@ jobs:
       with:
         path: ~/.m2
         key: ${{ runner.os }}-${{ hashFiles('**/pom.xml') }}
-    - name: Build with Maven
-      run: ./mvnw test -q
+    - name: Build changed modules with Maven
+      run: ./mvnw test -q -pl "$(./changes.sh)"
diff --git a/changes.sh b/changes.sh
index 86569f777..44b22bddd 100755
--- a/changes.sh
+++ b/changes.sh
@@ -1,18 +1,32 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env bash
 
-# 收集变更模块
-modules=$(git diff --name-only HEAD~1 HEAD | \
-while read file; do
+set -euo pipefail
+
+# 收集变更模块。
+# PR 场景按目标分支对比，避免 CI 修复类提交只修改 .github 时退化为全仓库测试；
+# push 场景保持原有 HEAD~1..HEAD 行为，兼容发布工作流。
+if [ -n "${GITHUB_BASE_REF:-}" ]; then
+  git fetch origin "${GITHUB_BASE_REF}" --depth=1 >/dev/null 2>&1 || true
+  if git rev-parse --verify "origin/${GITHUB_BASE_REF}" >/dev/null 2>&1; then
+    diff_args=("origin/${GITHUB_BASE_REF}...HEAD")
+  else
+    diff_args=("HEAD~1" "HEAD")
+  fi
+else
+  diff_args=("HEAD~1" "HEAD")
+fi
+
+modules=$(git diff --name-only "${diff_args[@]}" | while read -r file; do
   dir=$(dirname "$file")
   while [ "$dir" != "." ] && [ "$dir" != "/" ]; do
     if [ -f "$dir/pom.xml" ]; then echo "$dir"; break; fi
     dir=$(dirname "$dir")
   done
-done | sort -u | tr '\n' ',' | sed 's/,$//')
+done | sort -u | paste -sd, -)
 
 # 如果为空，则使用默认值 '.'
 if [ -z "$modules" ]; then
   echo "."
 else
   echo "$modules"
-fi
\ No newline at end of file
+fi