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<title data-rh="true">technical/macd - Reference | OpenBB Platform Docs</title><meta data-rh="true" name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta data-rh="true" name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"><meta data-rh="true" property="og:image" content="https://docs.openbb.co/img/banner.png"><meta data-rh="true" name="twitter:image" content="https://docs.openbb.co/img/banner.png"><meta data-rh="true" property="og:url" content="https://docs.openbb.co/platform/reference/technical/macd"><meta data-rh="true" property="og:locale" content="en"><meta data-rh="true" name="docusaurus_locale" content="en"><meta data-rh="true" name="docsearch:language" content="en"><meta data-rh="true" name="docusaurus_version" content="current"><meta data-rh="true" name="docusaurus_tag" content="docs-default-current"><meta data-rh="true" name="docsearch:version" content="current"><meta data-rh="true" name="docsearch:docusaurus_tag" content="docs-default-current"><meta data-rh="true" property="og:title" content="macd | OpenBB Docs"><meta data-rh="true" name="description" content="Learn about the Moving Average Convergence Divergence (MACD), a powerful technical indicator used in financial analysis. Understand how the MACD signals trend changes, identifies overbought and oversold conditions, and generates buy/sell signals. Explore the parameters and see examples of how to use this indicator in Python."><meta data-rh="true" property="og:description" content="Learn about the Moving Average Convergence Divergence (MACD), a powerful technical indicator used in financial analysis. Understand how the MACD signals trend changes, identifies overbought and oversold conditions, and generates buy/sell signals. Explore the parameters and see examples of how to use this indicator in Python."><meta data-rh="true" name="keywords" content="Moving Average Convergence Divergence,MACD,Exponential Moving Averages,Signal line,trend changes,overbought conditions,oversold conditions,divergence with price,buy signal,sell signal,zero line,parameters,data,target column,fast EMA,slow EMA,signal EMA,calculated data,examples"><link data-rh="true" rel="icon" href="/img/favicon.ico"><link data-rh="true" rel="canonical" href="https://docs.openbb.co/platform/reference/technical/macd"><link data-rh="true" rel="alternate" href="https://docs.openbb.co/platform/reference/technical/macd" hreflang="en"><link data-rh="true" rel="alternate" href="https://docs.openbb.co/platform/reference/technical/macd" hreflang="x-default"><link data-rh="true" rel="preconnect" href="https://7D1HQ0IXAS-dsn.algolia.net" crossorigin="anonymous"><link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" title="OpenBB Docs" href="/opensearch.xml">
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the collapsible sidebar category 'OpenBB Terminal'" type="button" class="clean-btn menu__caret"></button></div></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-category theme-doc-sidebar-item-category-level-1 menu__list-item menu__list-item--collapsed"><div class="menu__list-item-collapsible"><a href="#" class="menu__link menu__link--sublist menu__link--sublist-caret" aria-expanded="false">OpenBB SDK</a></div></li></ul></nav></div></div></aside><main class="docMainContainer_TBSr"><div class="container padding-top--md padding-bottom--lg"><div class="row"><div class="col docItemCol_VOVn"><div class="docItemContainer_Djhp"><article><nav class="theme-doc-breadcrumbs breadcrumbsContainer_Z_bl" aria-label="Breadcrumbs"><ul class="breadcrumbs" itemscope="" itemtype="https://schema.org/BreadcrumbList"><li class="breadcrumbs__item"><a aria-label="Home page" class="breadcrumbs__link" href="/"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="breadcrumbHomeIcon_YNFT"><path d="M10 19v-5h4v5c0 .55.45 1 1 1h3c.55 0 1-.45 1-1v-7h1.7c.46 0 .68-.57.33-.87L12.67 3.6c-.38-.34-.96-.34-1.34 0l-8.36 7.53c-.34.3-.13.87.33.87H5v7c0 .55.45 1 1 1h3c.55 0 1-.45 1-1z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></a></li><li class="breadcrumbs__item"><span class="breadcrumbs__link">OpenBB Platform</span><meta itemprop="position" content="1"></li><li itemscope="" itemprop="itemListElement" itemtype="https://schema.org/ListItem" class="breadcrumbs__item"><a class="breadcrumbs__link" itemprop="item" href="/platform/reference"><span itemprop="name">Reference</span></a><meta itemprop="position" content="2"></li><li itemscope="" itemprop="itemListElement" itemtype="https://schema.org/ListItem" class="breadcrumbs__item"><a class="breadcrumbs__link" itemprop="item" href="/platform/reference/technical"><span itemprop="name">Technical</span></a><meta itemprop="position" content="3"></li><li itemscope="" itemprop="itemListElement" itemtype="https://schema.org/ListItem" class="breadcrumbs__item breadcrumbs__item--active"><span class="breadcrumbs__link" itemprop="name">macd</span><meta itemprop="position" content="4"></li></ul></nav><div class="tocCollapsible_ETCw theme-doc-toc-mobile tocMobile_bxCs"><button type="button" class="clean-btn tocCollapsibleButton_TO0P">On this page</button></div><div class="theme-doc-markdown markdown"><header><h1>macd</h1></header>
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<!-- -->
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<p>Calculate the Moving Average Convergence Divergence (MACD).</p>
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<p>Difference between two Exponential Moving Averages. The Signal line is an
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Exponential Moving Average of the MACD.</p>
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<p>The MACD signals trend changes and indicates the start of new trend direction.
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High values indicate overbought conditions, low values indicate oversold conditions.
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Divergence with the price indicates an end to the current trend, especially if the
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MACD is at extreme high or low values. When the MACD line crosses above the
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signal line a buy signal is generated. When the MACD crosses below the signal line a
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sell signal is generated. To confirm the signal, the MACD should be above zero for a buy,
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and below zero for a sell.</p>
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<h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="examples">Examples<a href="#examples" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to Examples" title="Direct link to Examples"></a></h2>
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<div class="language-python codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#9CDCFE;--prism-background-color:#1E1E1E"><div class="codeBlockContent_m3Ux"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-python codeBlock_qGQc thin-scrollbar"><code class="codeBlockLines_p187"><span class="token-line" style="color:#9CDCFE"><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(86, 156, 214)">from</span><span class="token plain"> openbb </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(86, 156, 214)">import</span><span class="token plain"> obb</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#9CDCFE"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token comment" style="color:rgb(106, 153, 85)"># Get the Moving Average Convergence Divergence (MACD).</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#9CDCFE"><span class="token plain">stock_data </span><span class="token operator" style="color:rgb(212, 212, 212)">=</span><span class="token plain"> obb</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(212, 212, 212)">.</span><span class="token plain">equity</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(212, 212, 212)">.</span><span class="token plain">price</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(212, 212, 212)">.</span><span class="token plain">historical</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(212, 212, 212)">(</span><span class="token plain">symbol</span><span class="token operator" style="color:rgb(212, 212, 212)">=</span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(206, 145, 120)">'TSLA'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(212, 212, 212)">,</span><span class="token plain"> start_date</span><span class="token operator" style="color:rgb(212, 212, 212)">=</span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(206, 145, 120)">'2023-01-01'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(212, 212, 212)">,</span><span class="token plain"> provider</span><span class="token operator" style="color:rgb(212, 212, 212)">=</span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(206, 145, 120)">'fmp'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(212, 212, 212)">)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#9CDCFE"><span class="token plain">macd_data </span><span class="token operator" style="color:rgb(212, 212, 212)">=</span><span class="token plain"> obb</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(212, 212, 212)">.</span><span class="token plain">technical</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(212, 212, 212)">.</span><span class="token plain">macd</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(212, 212, 212)">(</span><span class="token plain">data</span><span class="token operator" style="color:rgb(212, 212, 212)">=</span><span class="token plain">stock_data</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(212, 212, 212)">.</span><span class="token plain">results</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(212, 212, 212)">,</span><span class="token plain"> target</span><span class="token operator" style="color:rgb(212, 212, 212)">=</span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(206, 145, 120)">'close'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(212, 212, 212)">,</span><span class="token plain"> fast</span><span class="token operator" style="color:rgb(212, 212, 212)">=</span><span class="token number" style="color:rgb(181, 206, 168)">12</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(212, 212, 212)">,</span><span class="token plain"> slow</span><span class="token operator" style="color:rgb(212, 212, 212)">=</span><span class="token number" style="color:rgb(181, 206, 168)">26</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(212, 212, 212)">,</span><span class="token plain"> signal</span><span class="token operator" style="color:rgb(212, 212, 212)">=</span><span class="token number" style="color:rgb(181, 206, 168)">9</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(212, 212, 212)">)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#9CDCFE"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token comment" style="color:rgb(106, 153, 85)"># Example with mock data.</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#9CDCFE"><span class="token plain">obb</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(212, 212, 212)">.</span><span class="token plain">technical</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(212, 212, 212)">.</span><span class="token plain">macd</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(212, 212, 212)">(</span><span class="token plain">fast</span><span class="token operator" style="color:rgb(212, 212, 212)">=</span><span class="token number" style="color:rgb(181, 206, 168)">2</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(212, 212, 212)">,</span><span class="token plain"> slow</span><span class="token operator" style="color:rgb(212, 212, 212)">=</span><span class="token number" style="color:rgb(181, 206, 168)">3</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(212, 212, 212)">,</span><span class="token plain"> signal</span><span class="token operator" style="color:rgb(212, 212, 212)">=</span><span class="token number" style="color:rgb(181, 206, 168)">1</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(212, 212, 212)">,</span><span class="token plain"> data</span><span class="token operator" style="color:rgb(212, 212, 212)">=</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(212, 212, 212)">[</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(212, 212, 212)">{</span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(206, 145, 120)">'date'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(212, 212, 212)">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(206, 145, 120)">'2023-01-02'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(212, 212, 212)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(206, 145, 120)">'open'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(212, 212, 212)">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number" style="color:rgb(181, 206, 168)">110.0</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(212, 212, 212)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(206, 145, 120)">'high'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(212, 212, 212)">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number" style="color:rgb(181, 206, 168)">120.0</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(212, 212, 212)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(206, 145, 120)">'low'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(212, 212, 212)">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number" style="color:rgb(181, 206, 168)">100.0</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(212, 212, 212)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(206, 145, 120)">'close'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(212, 212, 212)">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number" style="color:rgb(181, 206, 168)">115.0</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(212, 212, 212)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(206, 145, 120)">'volume'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(212, 212, 212)">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number" style="color:rgb(181, 206, 168)">10000.0</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(212, 212, 212)">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(212, 212, 212)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(212, 212, 212)">{</span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(206, 145, 120)">'date'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(212, 212, 212)">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(206, 145, 120)">'2023-01-03'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(212, 212, 212)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(206, 145, 120)">'open'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(212, 212, 212)">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number" style="color:rgb(181, 206, 168)">165.0</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(212, 212, 212)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(206, 145, 120)">'high'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(212, 212, 212)">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number" style="color:rgb(181, 206, 168)">180.0</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(212, 212, 212)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(206, 145, 120)">'low'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(212, 212, 212)">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number" style="color:rgb(181, 206, 168)">150.0</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(212, 212, 212)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(206, 145, 120)">'close'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(212, 212, 212)">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number" style="color:rgb(181, 206, 168)">172.5</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(212, 212, 212)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(206, 145, 120)">'volume'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(212, 212, 212)">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number" style="color:rgb(181, 206, 168)">15000.0</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(212, 212, 212)">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(212, 212, 212)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(212, 212, 212)">{</span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(206, 145, 120)">'date'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(212, 212, 212)">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(206, 145, 120)">'2023-01-04'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(212, 212, 212)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(206, 145, 120)">'open'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(212, 212, 212)">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number" style="color:rgb(181, 206, 168)">146.67</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(212, 212, 212)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(206, 145, 120)">'high'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(212, 212, 212)">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number" style="color:rgb(181, 206, 168)">160.0</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(212, 212, 212)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(206, 145, 120)">'low'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(212, 212, 212)">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number" style="color:rgb(181, 206, 168)">133.33</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(212, 212, 212)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(206, 145, 120)">'close'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(212, 212, 212)">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number" style="color:rgb(181, 206, 168)">153.33</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(212, 212, 212)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(206, 145, 120)">'volume'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(212, 212, 212)">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number" style="color:rgb(181, 206, 168)">13333.33</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(212, 212, 212)">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(212, 212, 212)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(212, 212, 212)">{</span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(206, 145, 120)">'date'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(212, 212, 212)">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(206, 145, 120)">'2023-01-05'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(212, 212, 212)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(206, 145, 120)">'open'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(212, 212, 212)">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number" style="color:rgb(181, 206, 168)">137.5</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(212, 212, 212)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(206, 145, 120)">'high'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(212, 212, 212)">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number" style="color:rgb(181, 206, 168)">150.0</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(212, 212, 212)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(206, 145, 120)">'low'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(212, 212, 212)">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number" style="color:rgb(181, 206, 168)">125.0</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(212, 212, 212)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(206, 145, 120)">'close'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(212, 212, 212)">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number" style="color:rgb(181, 206, 168)">143.75</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(212, 212, 212)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(206, 145, 120)">'volume'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(212, 212, 212)">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number" style="color:rgb(181, 206, 168)">12500.0</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(212, 212, 212)">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(212, 212, 212)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(212, 212, 212)">{</span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(206, 145, 120)">'date'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(212, 212, 212)">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(206, 145, 120)">'2023-01-06'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(212, 212, 212)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(206, 145, 120)">'open'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(212, 212, 212)">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number" style="color:rgb(181, 206, 168)">132.0</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(212, 212, 212)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(206, 145, 120)">'high'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(212, 212, 212)">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number" style="color:rgb(181, 206, 168)">144.0</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(212, 212, 212)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(206, 145, 120)">'low'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(212, 212, 212)">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number" style="color:rgb(181, 206, 168)">120.0</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(212, 212, 212)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(206, 145, 120)">'close'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(212, 212, 212)">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number" style="color:rgb(181, 206, 168)">138.0</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(212, 212, 212)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(206, 145, 120)">'volume'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(212, 212, 212)">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number" style="color:rgb(181, 206, 168)">12000.0</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(212, 212, 212)">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(212, 212, 212)">]</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(212, 212, 212)">)</span><br></span></code></pre><div class="buttonGroup_6DOT"><button type="button" aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" title="Copy" class="clean-btn"><span class="copyButtonIcons_eSgA" aria-hidden="true"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonIcon_y97N"><path fill="currentColor" d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"></path></svg><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS"><path fill="currentColor" d="M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z"></path></svg></span></button></div></div></div>
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<hr>
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<h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="parameters">Parameters<a href="#parameters" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to Parameters" title="Direct link to Parameters"></a></h2>
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<div class="tabs-container tabList_TRJ7"><ul role="tablist" aria-orientation="horizontal" class="_group-tab list-none -ml-7 my-6 overflow-auto"><li role="tab" tabindex="0" aria-selected="true" class="font-bold tracking-widest w-fit px-3 inline-flex py-1 uppercase border-b text-lg cursor-pointer tabItem_hGfb border-b-2 pointer-events-none border-b-2 text-[#FB923C] border-[#FB923C]">standard</li></ul><div class="margin-top--md"><div role="tabpanel" class="tabItem_Ymn6"><table><thead><tr><th>Name</th><th>Type</th><th>Description</th><th>Default</th><th>Optional</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>data</td><td>List[Data]</td><td>List of data to be used for the calculation.</td><td></td><td>False</td></tr><tr><td>target</td><td>str</td><td>Target column name.</td><td></td><td>False</td></tr><tr><td>fast</td><td>int, optional</td><td>Number of periods for the fast EMA, by default 12.</td><td></td><td>False</td></tr><tr><td>slow</td><td>int, optional</td><td>Number of periods for the slow EMA, by default 26.</td><td></td><td>False</td></tr><tr><td>signal</td><td>int, optional</td><td>Number of periods for the signal EMA, by default 9.</td><td></td><td>False</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></div>
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<hr>
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<h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="returns">Returns<a href="#returns" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to Returns" title="Direct link to Returns"></a></h2>
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